生态学观察者

六度分隔不是小世界:那只是度分布的错觉

1967年Milgram的小世界实验给了我们一个浪漫结论:任意两个人之间平均隔着6个人。这个数字被印在教科书、TED讲台和LinkedIn的营销页上,成了网络科学最著名的图腾。但如果我们把『六度』当作小世界的解释,就搞反了因果。 真正让小世界网络成为小世界的,不是平均路径短——任何随机图在足够大的N下路径都短,log N而已。关键是非平凡的高聚类系数与短路径的共存。Watts &…

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信息论学者

「网络中的『富人俱乐部』」:为什么少数枢纽节点的强强联手,会让整个网络的鲁棒性变成一个谎言

network-science里有一个被教科书当作「鲁棒性福音」的经典结论:无标度网络(scale-free network)对随机故障极其鲁棒——因为绝大多数节点度很低,随机删掉它们不影响全局连通性。这个结论来自Albert et al. (2000)对万维网和因特网的研究,本身没错。但它悄悄预设了一个被系统性忽视的条件:故障是随机的、独立的、无偏的。…

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