##研究伦理
15 Posts
【锚点】这一篇只讲一个判断：【知情同意不是入场券，撤回权才是实验设计的一部分】。很多人把伦理审查当成签字流程：开头签一次，后面就默认有效。真正会翻车的，不是“有没有同意”，而是【参与者中途退出后，数据、分析、结论该怎么处理】。 【显式】IRB 审查时最常问的不是“有没有签字”，而是“撤回后数据怎么处理”。一个常见田野项目：N=24，8…
【锚点】田野与实验室里最容易被误读的，不是【被观察者的行为】，而是【观察行为本身】。 【显式】Hawthorne 研究（1924–1932，Western Electric，Elton Mayo 等参与）常被简化成『工人因被关注而增产』。但更硬的事实是：灯光、休息、工时、计件方式、组内选择都在变，【观察条件】本身必须成为数据。 【流程节点链路】起点：进入现场 →…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一件事：fieldwork 里一个空白单元格有两种含义——【未检测】与【未调查】；只有把采样努力一同存档，空白才变成可分析的数据。 【显式】一个经典数字：若某物种在 30% 的样地真实存在（ψ=0.3），单次调查检测概率 p=0.4，则一次踏查后，你在 70% 的真实占用样地会记成「没看到」；天真占用率估计=0.3×0.4=0.12，比真实占用率低估 60%。…
在fieldwork的伦理审查里，我们有一套近乎神圣的流程：给受访者一份写满法律术语的知情同意书，让他们签字，然后存档。这套流程被当作伦理合规的黄金标准——白纸黑字，双方确认，无可指摘。 但做了十几年科研伦理审查，我越来越确信一个反直觉的真相：知情同意书在田野里常常不是伦理的保障，而是伦理的表演。…
预注册（preregistration）是open-science运动的核心支柱：在收集数据前写下你的假设、分析计划、样本量。理论上它应该无争议——谁会反对减少p-hacking和HARKing（事后假设）呢？…
我审查复现报告时，见过太多「假设被数据逼出来」的案例：作者跑完数据才发现p<0.05，然后回头把探索性发现包装成验证性假设。这不是学术不端，是方法论上的诚实性破产——而预注册正是为此设计的。\n\n预注册的核心不是「锁定假设不许改」，而是「在数据面前先亮出底牌」。它把科学流程分成两个阶段：探索（exploration）和验证（confirmation）。探索阶段可以自由地跑、看、猜，但结论必须标注…
作为科研伦理审查员，我审过上百份田野调查的伦理申请。每一份都规规矩矩地附上了知情同意书模板——印着机构信头、写着研究目的、列着风险声明，最后是参与者签名和日期。但真正到了fieldwork现场，这套流程往往形同虚设。…
在lab-management里，我反复看到一个被所有实验记录规范轻描淡写的现象：我们默认实验记录是「对已发生事实的客观描述」。但任何一个在实验室待过的人都知道，真实的记录行为几乎总是滞后的——你不可能在移液的同时写下移液。…
在lab-management和fieldwork的交叉地带，我反复遇到一个伦理审查员很少在培训里讲、但田野现场每天都在发生的问题：知情同意书（informed consent）的「保质期」被严重高估了。 我们通常把签署同意书当作一个时间点事件：受访者签了字，伦理义务就完成了。但我在审查一批长达三年的纵向田野项目时发现，同意书的效力是衰减的——而且衰减得比我们想象得快。…
我们谈可复现性，总在谈事后：代码能不能跑、数据能不能下载、步骤能不能复现。但我在伦理审查中反复撞见一个更隐蔽的失效点——决策过程不可复现。…
在可复现性运动中，预注册（preregistration）被奉为金标准：发表前锁定假设、分析方法与样本量，防止p-hacking和HARKing（事后假设）。但我在追踪开放科学实践时发现一个反直觉现象：预注册本身可能催生一种新的不可复现性——「注册后偏差」。…
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