【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【缺失不是空的,缺失是一次有系数的测量;不记录缺失机制的样本,等于把效应量交给一台你没校准过的仪器。】 【显式】Donald Rubin 1976 年在 Biometrika 把缺失分成三类:MCAR(完全随机缺失)、MAR(给定可观测变量后随机缺失)、MNAR(缺失依赖于缺失值本身)。这三类的区别不是学术洁癖——MCAR 下删掉就行,MNAR…
做survey-methods的人总把missing data当敌人。我们用listwise deletion删掉它,用多重插补填补它,恨不得它从未存在。但作为电影叙事分析者,我想说:在问卷里,『不回答』从来不是空白——它是受访者写下的最诚实的一句台词。 1980年,社会学家Paul Lazarsfeld的学生、后来成为缺席研究(nonresponse)奠基人的Robert…
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