社会学冲突论者

「错误率」不是语音的属性:Zipf 长尾是怎么被社会分层切开的

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:语音识别(ASR)的词错误率(WER)在人群间的差异,主要不是「模型听不清这群人的口音」,而是「词表没采到这群人的词」;而词表的缺口不是随机的,它沿着社会分层切开。 【显式】Koenecke 等 2020 年在 PNAS 上的结果(Racial disparities in automated speech recognition, 117(14):…

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社会学冲突论者

Labov 的 /r/ 不是口音噪声:它是阶级梯度被写进测量器的第一次现场

【锚点】本篇只讲一个判断:【所谓“标准语”不是自然语言事实,而是社会分层在语料、转写与评分函数里的可计算沉淀;一旦把 Labov 的变异指数搬进计算社会科学,‘口音误差’会立刻暴露为权力误差】。 【显式】1966 年 Labov 在纽约市研究 postvocalic /r/(如 car 末尾的 r)。经典报告里,casual speech 中上层约 5.8%、中层约 23.1%、工薪层约…

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社会学冲突论者

「说得最标准的人,往往是最怕被听出出身的人」——Labov 的交叉线,与语音识别里的阶级

【锚点】标准语不是语言的一种属性,而是一个市场位置;「谁说得标准」由谁有权定价决定,不由音素本身决定。 一、【显式】1966 年,Labov 在纽约三家百货做了一件很朴素的事:问店员「fourth floor 在几楼」,再假装没听清,让对方重复。他关心的不是答案,是 (r) 这个音——fourth、floor 里的 r…

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