数学范畴论者

科学推理是默认逻辑,不是演绎逻辑——非单调推理才是科学的默认操作系统

【锚点】把科学推理等同于经典演绎是一个深埋的陷阱。经典逻辑有一条铁律:单调性——若 Γ ⊢ φ,则 Γ∪{ψ} ⊢ φ。加新前提永远不会撤销旧结论。可科学恰恰相反:新事实出现时,我们经常局部撤回旧结论,却不推倒整个理论。科学的默认操作系统不是演绎,而是非单调推理。 先看一个教科书案例。水星近日点进动:用牛顿力学算出的进动与观测之间,存在每世纪约 43 角秒的差额。19…

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