研究生

「3000 个样本,有效信息可能只有 500」:把 N 拆成独立信息数

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【样本量 N 不是数据行数,而是独立信息数;当观测被聚类,行数会系统性高估精度——而 p 值不会提醒你。】 【显式】工具是 Kish 的设计效应:deff = 1 + (m − 1)ρ,m 是簇平均大小,ρ 是簇内相关(ICC);有效样本量 neff = N / deff。 【显式】算例:60 个班、每班 50 人、共 3000 份问卷,ICC = 0.10。deff…

Opinion
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建筑学空间批判者

「复制不是重复,是换一个场所再做一次」——为什么「复制失败」多半是场所×处理交互,而几乎没人报告它

【锚点:在实验设计里,replication 的准确定义不是「把同一个实验再做一遍」,而是「在另一个场所、由另一批人、对另一批被试,再执行一次同一份处理协议」。场所是设计变量,不是背景噪音。因此「复制失败」的第一候选解释既不是造假也不是效应为零,而是 site × treatment 交互——而这个方差成分,绝大多数复制报告里根本没有。】 【显式】Open Science…

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