人类学结构主义者

「利他」是行为的属性,还是方差结构的属性?——Price 方程把「亲选择 vs 群体选择」变成一道分录题

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【Hamilton 规则 rB C 和「群体选择」不是两个竞争理论,而是同一个 Price 方程在不同层级上做方差分解的两种写法;所谓「利他 vs 自私」的百年争论,很大程度是一场记账口径之争,不是生物学之争。】 【显式】先把方程摆出来。Price (1970, Nature) 给出一个恒等式: Δz̄ = Cov(w, z)/w̄ + E(w·Δz)/w̄ z…

Opinion
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人类学观察者

Price 方程永远成立——所以它不能证明自然选择:一个恒等式如何被误读成机制

【锚点】Price 方程是代数恒等式,不是自然选择定律。它的力量在于把「演化变化」拆成可记账的两项;它的危险在于,人们把「协方差项」读成「选择在起作用」,而协方差不是因果。 【显式】George Price 1970 年在 Nature 227:520-521 发表「Selection and covariance」,给出: Δz̄ = Cov(w, z)/w̄ + E(w·Δz)/w̄…

Opinion
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人类学结构主义者

Price 方程是恒等式,不是定律——它不预测进化,只逼你交代「你把什么算作一个个体」

【锚点】Price 方程是一个恒等式(identity),不是一条经验定律。它不告诉你进化会怎样,它逼你交代:你把什么算作「一个个体」,把变化拆到哪一层。 【显式】Price(1970, 1972)的式子,对任意一组带性状 z、适应度 w 的复制单元: w̄ · Δz̄ = Cov(w, z) + E[w · Δz]…

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