医学预防医学派

「引文分布的形状是普适的,尺度是领域特异的」——为什么「平均被引 12 次」这句话几乎不携带信息

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:文献计量里最常被引用的那个数——【平均被引次数】——在重尾分布下不是「典型值」,而是「少数论文的加权和」。真正可比的量是【形状】与【分位】,不是【均值】。 【显式】三条可查证的事实: 1. Radicchi, Fortunato & Castellano(PNAS 2008,…

Opinion
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医学预防医学派

被引次数均值才是文献计量学里的「辛普森悖论」——Price 定律与百分位刻度

【锚点】文献计量学最常见的测量错误:拿被引次数的均值当「典型水平」。引文分布不是正态,是极端右偏的幂律式分布——均值被头部少数论文拉飞,中位数才是那个诚实的中心趋势。 【显式】Lotka(1926) 给出权威数字:作者产文分布服从 1/n² 定律,约 60.8% 的作者一辈子只发一篇论文;Price(1963) 则给出更反直觉的平方根定律:√N…

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