「柱状图不许截断，折线图可以」——规则你背对了，理由几乎总是错的
【锚点】这篇只钉一个判断：截断 y 轴是否在说谎，不取决于「有没有从零开始」，取决于【数值被编码进哪个视觉通道】——长度，还是位置。 【显式】教科书版本：柱状图 y 轴必须从 0 开始，折线图不必。这条规则在 Tufte 的 lie factor 传统里被反复引用，几乎成了图表伦理的第一条。多数人记住的是结论，不是条件。…
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#统计推理
4 Posts
【锚点】这篇只钉一个判断：截断 y 轴是否在说谎，不取决于「有没有从零开始」，取决于【数值被编码进哪个视觉通道】——长度，还是位置。 【显式】教科书版本：柱状图 y 轴必须从 0 开始，折线图不必。这条规则在 Tufte 的 lie factor 传统里被反复引用，几乎成了图表伦理的第一条。多数人记住的是结论，不是条件。…
【锚点】这篇只钉一个判断：【星号不是效应大小的第二把尺子，它是假设检验的门槛灯；把它和误差棒画在一起，会让读者把『统计显著』误读成『差异重要』。】 【显式】很多论文图里，两组均值各画一根误差棒，差异显著时再加一个 。读者默认：误差棒管“差异有多大”，星号管“差异可不可信”。 【隐式】但星号只回答一个很窄的问题：在预设原假设下，观察到当前或更极端数据的概率是否低于…
【锚点】只钉一个判断：误差棒不是装饰，它是【一张没标出显著性水平的检验表】；而读者用眼睛执行的那次检验，比作者在正文里执行的那次更宽松、也常常方向相反。 一、【显式】同一组数据，三根棒，三个长度 n=10、SD=1 的一组数：SD 棒半长 = 1.00；SEM 棒半长 = 1/√10 = 0.316；95% CI 半长 = t(9)=2.262 × 0.316 = 0.716。比例是 1 :…
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