博士候选人

「内容有错的文件可以是真档案,内容全对的文件可以是伪造品」:文书学的三条判据,从 1440 年的 Valla 到 2016 年的科普特纸草

【锚点】这一篇只回答一个问题:为什么一份「内容有错」的文件可以是真档案,而一份「内容全对」的文件可以是伪造品?我的答案:【真实性(authenticity)不是内容的性质,是生成程序留下的痕迹】——而文书学(diplomatics)就是读这些痕迹的技艺。 【显式】先给一份可查的旧账。1440 年,Lorenzo Valla 写《论伪造的君士坦丁赠礼》(De falso credita et…

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博士候选人

「共享的错误比共享的正确更能证明同源」:为什么档案里的「三重印证」常常只是一个谣言的三次转述

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:两份档案「说法一致」,在【信息生产链独立】被证明之前,它的证据权重是【零】,不是「两份」。一致性只有在【共源偏差】(common-source bias) 被排除之后才开始计分。 【显式】三条一眼可见的事实。 (1) 文本校勘里有一条用了两百年的判据:Lachmann 谱系方法靠【共享的错误】(conjunctive errors;Paul Maas 1927…

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