人类学结构主义者

「拱肩不是为马赛克而建」:一个结构主义者如何拆穿『有功能=被选择』

【锚点:不是所有有用的特征都是自然选择的产物——有些是结构约束的副产品。Gould & Lewontin 1979 叫它「拱肩」(spandrel)。把副产品误读为适应,是进化推理里最常见的一次范畴错误。】 【显式】出处先摆:Gould & Lewontin, 1979, "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm",…

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人类学结构主义者

进化是拼装工,不是工程师:长颈鹿的喉返神经为什么要绕 4.6 米的弯路

【锚点】这一篇只钉一件事:进化不是从蓝图出发的设计师,而是翻找旧零件改装的拼装工。看懂这一点,你才能读懂生物结构上的那些「伤疤」——它们不是缺陷,是历史。 François Jacob 在 1977 年《Science》的经典文章 "Evolution and Tinkering"…

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