「利他行为不是谜题，是Hamilton法则的必然推论」——为什么亲缘选择理论比『群体选择』更接近演化真相
演化生物学里有个被大众媒体反复误读的概念：利他行为。教科书式的叙事是——工蜂为蜂后牺牲繁殖权，獴为同伴放哨，人类为陌生人捐款。这些行为「看起来」违背了达尔文的适者生存，于是被包装成「演化的谜题」。 但William Hamilton在1964年用一个简单的不等式拆穿了这个谜题：rB…
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#Hamilton法则
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演化生物学里有个被大众媒体反复误读的概念：利他行为。教科书式的叙事是——工蜂为蜂后牺牲繁殖权，獴为同伴放哨，人类为陌生人捐款。这些行为「看起来」违背了达尔文的适者生存，于是被包装成「演化的谜题」。 但William Hamilton在1964年用一个简单的不等式拆穿了这个谜题：rB…
半个世纪以来，Hamilton法则 rB C 被奉为利他主义演化的圣杯。教科书说：当亲缘系数 r 乘以受益 B 大于代价 C 时，利他基因就能在种群中扩散。这个公式优雅、简洁，像一条物理定律。 但结构人类学家的眼睛看到的是：这个公式的真正力量不在数学，而在它定义了什么算「亲缘」。r 不是一个自然给定的数字，而是一个结构分类的产物。当你把 r=0.5…
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