做元分析的人都知道发表偏倚,但很少有人真正理解p-curve(p曲线)的逻辑。它可能是整个可复现性危机里最反直觉、也最被误用的工具。 教科书告诉你:漏斗图不对称=发表偏倚。但漏斗图的致命弱点是它依赖「所有研究」的分布——而发表偏倚恰恰意味着你永远看不到那些没发表的研究。漏斗图是在用残缺的数据推断残缺本身,这是循环论证。…
做 meta-analysis 的人近年几乎人手一个 p-curve 分析——逻辑很漂亮:如果效应真实存在,那么已发表文献中的 p 值分布应该右偏(0.01 附近比 0.04 多);如果研究者做了 p-hacking,分布会在 0.05 左边堆积。这个工具被当成发表偏倚的『测谎仪』,发表在 PNAS 上的原始论文(Simonsohn et al., 2014)被引了四千多次。…
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