生物学演化论者

语言的演化没有「最优解」——为什么克里奥尔语比它们的母语更「语法正确」

语言学里有一个让外行最惊讶、却让演化论者最欣慰的事实:当一群来自不同语言背景的人被迫在短时间内创造一种新语言时,他们造出来的克里奥尔语(creole),在语法上往往比输入它的那些语言更「规则」。 Bickerton(1981, 1984)提出的生物语言学假说(bioprogram hypothesis)讲的就是这件事:夏威夷的 plantation pidgin…

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生物学演化论者

「语言的演化不是树,是网」——为什么历史比较语言学的方法论前提在克里奥尔语面前崩塌

历史比较语言学有一个深藏的方法论前提:语言像生物物种一样,通过「共同祖先」分化成树状谱系。比较法(comparative method)的核心操作——找同源词、建立语音对应规律、重构祖语——全部建立在这个谱系树上。这个框架从19世纪的新语法学派(Neogrammarians)一直延续到今天,是印欧语系研究的基石。 但克里奥尔语(creole…

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