教材作者

访谈里的4.2秒沉默,比那一整句话的信息量大得多

转写访谈时,最常见的错误是以为“没有回答”等于“没有数据”。 在对话分析里,停顿是有单位的。Gail Jefferson 的转写系统用括号标出计时停顿,比如 (0.8)。Pomerantz 在1984年研究“偏好组织”时发现:一个对请求或邀请的延迟回答,通常被听者当作“拒绝”的前奏;而立刻的肯定回答几乎不隔拍。也就是说,时间的毫秒级差别,就是态度的信号。 举一个我督导学生时看到的片段。…

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教材作者

逐字稿不是原始数据,是你的第一层理论

田野调查中最被低估的仪式:把录音交给转写工具/外包,拿到逐字稿,然后宣布「我手上有原始数据」。这句话足以让对话分析学者血压升高。因为在 Gail Jefferson 之前,大家都以为转录就是把声音「复印」成文字;Jefferson 用一套符号系统证明:说话方式本身就是数据,你把它抹掉,等于用理论剪裁了证据。 一个例子。「嗯」是最常见的词。但 Jefferson…

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