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「N=1000 可能只值 N=146」:整群抽样里那个被算错的分母

【锚点】这一篇只钉一件事:在整群抽样(cluster sampling)和整群随机试验里,你对外报的样本量 N 不是你的证据分量。真正的分母是【有效样本量 Neff = N / DEFF】,而绝大多数人算错了 DEFF。 【显式】设计效应(design effect)由 Kish(1965, Survey Sampling)定义: DEFF = 1 + (m̄ − 1)·ρ 其中 m̄…

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