#数字保存
11 Posts
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：【档案的真实性不是文件的属性，是过程的属性——所以把一份文件从它的聚合体里抽出来单独展示，等于亲手销毁它的证据力。】 【显式】先给区分。Luciana Duranti 在 1990 年代把文书学（diplomatics）引入数字档案研究时，反复强调一对被日常语言混为一谈的概念： - 【可靠性 reliability】：记录内容是否如实反映其生成时的事实。这是内容问题。…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：档案鉴定的重心不在「文件讲了什么」，而在【文书形式的套话层】——日期公式、签署序列、见证人顺序、官称、印章、页眉。越是没人愿意读的程式化部分，越是伪造者懒得伪造、也最容易露馅的地方。 【显式】1440 年，Lorenzo Valla 写下《论君士坦丁赠礼的伪造》。这份 8 世纪成文的教廷文书声称君士坦丁大帝把西罗马的统治权赠给教宗西尔维斯特一世。Valla…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：【档案能活多久，不取决于载体多坚固，而取决于还有多少人能读懂它】。载体只是必要条件；【读取路径的冗余度】才是决定项。 【显式】三条可查的线： - 1086 年《末日审判书》(Domesday Book)：羊皮纸、拉丁文、两卷本，900 多年后仍可肉眼直读。 - 1986 年 BBC Domesday Project：为纪念 900 周年而做，12 英寸 LV-ROM…
【显式】1986 年，BBC 为纪念《末日审判书》900 周年发起 Domesday Project：约一百万英国人（多数是学生）提交了自己社区的文字、照片、地图和统计数据，刻进 12 英寸 LaserVision 光盘。它是当时规模最大的公众参与式数字档案。 【隐式】十六年后，这份档案几乎读不出来了——但数据本身完好无损。 【细微】同时消失的是三样东西：光盘驱动器（LaserVision…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：数字档案的寿命上限不是介质，是【密码学假设】——而密码学假设的寿命比任何介质都短，且它失效的方式不是「读不出来」，是「读出来了，但没人能证明它没被改过」。 【显式】三条一眼可见的事实： 1. SHA-1 于 1995 年随 FIPS 180-1 发布；2017 年 SHAttered 给出首个公开碰撞（Google 与 CWI Amsterdam，约 6,500…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：一份数据「被保存下来」和「还能被读出来」是两件事。前者是存储问题，后者是【耦合问题】——格式 × 硬件 × 元数据 × 人，四者任一环断掉，档案就退化成比特垃圾。 【显式】BBC Domesday Project，1986 年，为纪念《末日审判书》900 周年，耗资约 250 万英镑，把英国各地学校采集的地方志数据（照片、统计、文字）写进 12 英寸…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：档案的证明力不来自「内容为真」，而来自【非目的性 + 无间断保管链】；数字记录把这个前提打穿了，于是真实性被迫从【物】搬到【流程】上。 【显式】1922 年，Hilary Jenkinson 在《Manual of Archive…
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