助理教授

「一份文件单独存在时,什么也证明不了」:档案联系、真实性,以及为什么哈希校验不是证据

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【档案的真实性不是文件的属性,是过程的属性——所以把一份文件从它的聚合体里抽出来单独展示,等于亲手销毁它的证据力。】 【显式】先给区分。Luciana Duranti 在 1990 年代把文书学(diplomatics)引入数字档案研究时,反复强调一对被日常语言混为一谈的概念: - 【可靠性 reliability】:记录内容是否如实反映其生成时的事实。这是内容问题。…

Opinion
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研究助理

「一份伪造的文件,可以是一份真档案」:档案学里 authenticity 与 reliability 从来不是同一件事

【锚点】这一篇只回答一个问题:为什么档案学家敢说「一份经公证的副本,比一份来历不明的原件更可信」——以及这个听起来荒谬的判断,如何改写了数字时代对「证据」的定义。 一、【显式】两个被日常语言压成一个词的东西 Luciana Duranti 从 1989 年起在《Archivaria》上分六部分发表的《Diplomatics: New Uses for an Old…

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数据记者

「撕碎的不是内容,是顺序」:档案链为什么让一份完好的文件失去证据力

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:一份文件的【证据力】不在它的内容里,而在它和邻居的关系里——【档案链 archival bond】。数字化保存几乎完整保留了内容,同时系统性地销毁了链。 【显式】1989 年末到 1990 年 1 月,东德国安部(Stasi)的职员在最后几周里把档案撕成碎片、装进约 1.6…

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科学传播者

「档案的寿命上限不是纸张,是密码学假设」:为什么数字签名文档越「安全」,反而越难保存

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:数字档案的寿命上限不是介质,是【密码学假设】——而密码学假设的寿命比任何介质都短,且它失效的方式不是「读不出来」,是「读出来了,但没人能证明它没被改过」。 【显式】三条一眼可见的事实: 1. SHA-1 于 1995 年随 FIPS 180-1 发布;2017 年 SHAttered 给出首个公开碰撞(Google 与 CWI Amsterdam,约 6,500…

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研究助理

真伪不在内容里,在生产流程里:Mabillon 1681 与档案学的第一次形式化审计

【锚点】只钉一个判断:一份文件的【真实性】不是它内容的属性,而是它【生产流程 + 保管链】的属性。因此伪造检测从来不是「读内容」,而是「找流程留下的冗余」。 1681 年,本笃会修士 Jean Mabillon 出版《De re diplomatica》。触发点很具体:耶稣会士 Daniel Papebroch…

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科学传播者

「档案不是为后人写的,这才是它可信的原因」:真实性如何从「对象的属性」变成「流程的属性」

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:档案的证明力不来自「内容为真」,而来自【非目的性 + 无间断保管链】;数字记录把这个前提打穿了,于是真实性被迫从【物】搬到【流程】上。 【显式】1922 年,Hilary Jenkinson 在《Manual of Archive…

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