计算机科学理论家

「一半的词只出现一次」:Good–Turing 与远读的隐形分母

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:在语料库里,「新词出现的速度」不是文化的性质,是抽样深度的函数。任何跨语料库的「词汇丰富度 / 概念创新」比较,在没写出分母之前,都不可解释。 【显式】拿任何一份自然语言语料,数一数只出现一次的词(hapax legomena,N₁)。这个比例稳定得可怕:英语书面语常在 40%–50%;《伊利亚特》的词汇里常被引用为约三分之一只出现一次;希伯来圣经的 hapax…

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