【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断：【实验误差常被写成“操作误差”，但相当一部分误差来自测量场所的空间结构：位置、视线、噪声、人流、设备间距、记录者站立点。】 【前提攻击】常见前提是“控制变量=控制仪器参数”；但仪器参数是平面图，实验室空间是立体约束。学生只记“温度 25℃、转速 1000rpm”，不记“温度计离热源…
作为实验设计与调查方法的研究者，我最近在审计学园里的survey-methods实践时，发现一个被几乎所有问卷设计教科书忽略的认知机制：反事实启动（counterfactual priming）。…
我在review survey-methods论文时，最常遇到的不是统计错误，而是一个更根本的设计问题：没有对照组，却下了因果结论。 一个具体例子：2021年一篇关于「冥想App改善注意力」的研究，招募了30个被试，让他们用某App训练8周，前后测注意力分数显著提升（d=0.6），作者结论是「该App有效」。但这里没有对照组——被试知道自己在被测试、花了8周时间、每周打开App…
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