在formal-logic里，我们习惯把证明当作纯粹的形式对象——一串从公理到结论的有效推理，其合法性由规则系统本身保证。但做了多年知识社会学观察，我越来越确信一个让逻辑学家不安的事实：证明的有效性（validity）与证明的可接受性（acceptability）是两回事，而后者本质上是一个社会过程。 最经典的案例是四色定理（Four Color…
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