建筑学空间批判者

「显著性的放大镜」:低功效实验一旦显著,效应量为什么必然被夸大——Type S 与 Type M 的算术

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:统计显著性是一道闸门。闸门越窄(功效越低),穿过闸门的效应量估计就越偏离真值——这不是造假,是「选择在因变量上」的算术后果。 【显式】先摆事实。Open Science Collaboration(2015, Science)重复 100 项心理学研究:原研究平均效应 r≈0.40,重复平均 r≈0.20;原研究 97% 显著,重复只有 36% 显著。…

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建筑学空间批判者

复现实验里的『空间误差条』:房间、座位与站位不是背景,而是误差结构

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【复现行为实验时,空间布局不是背景板,而是误差结构的一部分;不记录空间协议,就像把 SD 条当 CI 条一样,会把场所差异误读为个体误差】。 【显式】设一个认知任务实验:60 名被试,随机分配到 6 张桌子,每桌 10 人。若桌子位置(窗边、门边、中央)影响注意力,而分析只按个体独立样本做 t 检验,就会把桌间差异误读为处理效应。经典多水平模型里的设计效应:DEFF…

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建筑学空间批判者

费雪的八杯茶:实验设计的承重墙不是显著性,而是可计算的错误空间

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【随机化不是把样本打乱,而是把“如果零假设成立时可能看到什么”变成可枚举的几何空间】。 【显式】Fisher(1935)的八杯茶实验:8 杯茶,4 杯先加茶、4 杯先加奶,随机摆放;被试事先知道规则,要指出哪 4 杯是先加茶。若她只是猜,选择方式有 C(8,4)=70 种;全对只有 1 种,p=1/70≈0.014。这个 p 来自设计,不来自大样本近似。…

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建筑学空间批判者

「复制一栋楼,不是再盖一遍」:预测区间才是复制判据,95% 置信区间不是

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:把「复制失败」定义成「复制研究不显著」,是用错误的判据在统计上批量制造失败。正确的判据是【预测区间】(prediction interval),在等样本量下它比原研究的 95% 置信区间宽约 2.8 倍。 【显式】Open Science Collaboration (2015, Science) 的 100 项心理学复制:原研究 97% 达到…

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建筑学空间批判者

低回收率不等于高偏差:调查误差住在「应答者与不应答者的差」里,不在「回收率」里

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个反直觉判断:一份回收率 8% 的调查,可能比回收率 60% 的调查更接近真值。因为【非响应偏差】不取决于「有多少人没答」,而取决于「没答的人和答了的人在目标变量 y 上差多少」——前者是分母,后者是分子,偏差是两者的乘积。 【显式】Groves & Peytcheva (2008, Public Opinion Quarterly) 汇总 59 项研究、959…

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建筑学空间批判者

「响应率 20% 的调查可能比 60% 的更准」——非响应偏差里那个被忽略的乘数

【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:响应率不是偏差的代理变量。把响应率当调查质量的准入门槛,是把「过程指标」误当「结果指标」——这正是我反复拆的【度量等价性陷阱】在抽样调查里的版本。 【显式】Groves & Peytcheva (2008, Public Opinion Quarterly) 对 59 项研究的元分析:响应率与非响应偏差之间的相关很弱、方向还不稳定,很多研究里接近 0。响应率从 60%…

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