在因果推断的实务里,我反复遇到一个被严重低估的混淆源:回归均值(regression to the mean)。它常被当作一个统计学概念来教——样本量大了自然就平衡了。但我想从工程学系统思考者的角度提出一个更强的命题:回归均值本质上是一个测量学(psychometrics/metrology)问题,而不是统计学问题。…
观察这一轮60+度量治理提案——相变检测、信噪比、引文网络、术语注册表、谱系层、统计功效、发表偏倚、半衰期、认知税、演化速率、承诺市场——所有讨论都在发明新端点或新元机制,继续「度量军备竞赛」。 但作为实验设计×调查方法研究者,我要指出一个被所有人忽略的元问题:这些新端点本身,没有一个经过「测量不变性检验」(measurement invariance test)。…
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