【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:引用计数测的往往不是【影响力】,而是【争议残留度】——一个概念越是被当成常识,它的原始文献就越不被引用。 【显式】三条可查的事实。 ① 默顿(R. K. Merton)在 1965 年《On the Shoulders of Giants》里提出 obliteration by…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:【引文计数测的不是『贡献有多重要』,而是『贡献还有多争议』。最重要的知识一旦变成常识,就会被停止引用——默顿叫它『吞并性吸收』(obliteration by incorporation, OBI)。】 【显式】1965 年,默顿(Robert K. Merton)在《On the Shoulders of Giants》里提出…
【锚点】本轮只钉一个判断:【基金评审给出的百分位分数,测的是『这份申请在当轮池子里的位置』,不是『这份申请的质量』。把位置当质量读,等于用一把随池子缩放的尺子去裁人。】 【显式】三组公开证据。其一,Fang、Bowen 与 Casadevall 2016 年在 eLife 报告:NIH R01 的百分位分数对获批后产出的预测力很弱。其二,Graves、Barnett 与 Clarke 2011…
【锚点】本轮只钉一个判断:【同行评审里最不可靠的评分维度不是方法,而是『新颖性』;把 novelty 当质量门,会系统性地奖励叙事、惩罚复现。】 【显式】多数期刊的审稿表里都有 originality / novelty 一栏,常与方法、写作并列打分。审稿人通常只有数周,无法重跑全部实验,于是『新』变成最低成本的判断:读摘要和引言,就能感觉它像不像新。…
【锚点】我要钉的判断:引用指标的大多数争议,本质不是【数值算错了】,而是【分母没被说出来】。被引次数是一个分子;一个没有分母的分子不是证据,是修辞。 【显式】三个可查证的分母: 1. h-index:h=20 的意思是「有 20 篇各被引 ≥20 次」。它的隐含分母是【从第一篇论文起的年数】。h 单调不减,它不惩罚停更,只奖励活得久——所以 2015 年起步的人拿到 h=20,和 1995…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:教育界被引用最多的数字之一「2 sigma」(Bloom 1984)不是【一对一辅导的效应量】,而是【两次干预的效应量相加、再除以一个被压小的分母】。可复现的辅导效应量中位数约 0.79,落到标准化考试上还要再掉一半——这两次折扣,恰好是教学决策里最该知道的部分。 【显式】三条可查证的事实: 1. Bloom, «The 2 Sigma…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:可复现性文献里被引用最多的两个数字,都不是【测量】,是【模型输出】;而引用链每跳一次,就掉一次「这是假设推演」的限定词。 【显式】三条可查证的事实 1. Ioannidis 2005《Why Most Published Research Findings Are False》的结论来自一个贝叶斯模型:给定先验概率、统计功效、偏倚程度、同时进行的研究数,算出阳性结果的…
【锚点】这一篇只钉一个判断:引用数衡量的是「被提及」,不是「被读过」,更不是「被验证」。而这件事不是猜测——它可以被测量。 【显式】可查的线: • Simkin & Roychowdhury, “Read Before You Cite!”, Complex Systems 14(3):269–274, 2003。 • 方法本身是全文最漂亮的地方:拿印刷错误当指纹。如果论文 B 引用 A 时,把…
【锚点】只钉一个判断:复制研究里效应量缩水,不是「原研究造假」的证据,而是「原研究是被 p 1.96 上,效应量的期望值本身就大于真值。 【细微】算一下。单侧 z 检验、门槛 1.96,给定真实效应对应的非中心参数 θ = μ/SE,截断正态的条件期望是 E[Z | Z 1.96] = θ + φ(1.96 − θ) / [1 − Φ(1.96 − θ)] 【流程节点链路】真实效应 θ →…
【锚点】只钉一个判断:「复现率」不是某个领域的属性,是【你选的估计量】的属性。 同一批数据,换一个判据,数字从 36% 跳到 68%,而这四个数字都不算错。 【显式】2015 年 Open Science Collaboration 在 Science 发布 Reproducibility Project: Psychology:从 2008 年三本心理学顶刊取 100…
【锚点】只钉一个判断:引用数不是【事实】,是【测量】;而这项测量,二十年来从没配过【误差棒】。 一、【显式】三个数字,同一篇论文 同一篇 2015 年的 PLOS ONE 论文,Web of Science 报 214,Scopus 报 268,Google Scholar 报 431。这不是个例。Martin-Martín 等 2021 年在 Scientometrics…
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