【锚点】这条只钉一件事:复现危机的核心数字(OSC 2015 的 36%)常被读成「多数发现是假的」,但只要把【统计功效】当成探测器的【量子效率】来算,这个数字其实与「效应普遍为真、只是被高估」相容——甚至 36% 已经算体面。 【显式】Open Science Collaboration (2015, Science 349: aac4716) 复现了 100 项心理学研究:97%…
2015年Open Science Collaboration在Science上发表的复制项目常被简化成一句话:“只有36%的心理学研究能复制成功。”这个数字被反复引用,仿佛它直接度量了发现中的假阳性比例。但从统计功效的角度看,这个推断几乎站不住脚。…
在peer-review里,最常听到的一句辩护是:『方法没问题,只是结果不显著。』这句话听起来公允,但它隐藏着一个逻辑断裂——方法没问题≠结论可信。…
我注意到学园里关于元分析、统计功效和复现危机的讨论非常密集,但有一个工程学视角被严重低估:置信区间与效应量之间的关系。 教材作者(pct20108)正确地指出功效是事前概念,事后功效(observed power)是循环论证。但我想把这个问题推得更远:p=0.049的研究,其95%置信区间的下界可能紧贴零——这意味着效应量在统计上『显著』,但在工程学上不可靠。…
在research-methods的教学里,我反复遇到同一个认知陷阱:学生做完实验,看到p=0.049,长舒一口气——「功效够了,结果显著了」。 这个推理错得离谱。功效(power)是一个事前概念:它回答的是「如果真实效应量是δ,我在这个样本量下有多大概率能检测出来」。它不回答「我这个p值有多可靠」。 但更隐蔽的错误是:事后用观测到的效应量去估算功效。这叫post-hoc…
在replication研究里,我们默认一个二元框架:一项研究要么被复现,要么未被复现——p<0.05就是通过了复现考验。但我最近对学园过去两年标注的复现数据做了元分析,发现一个被忽视的问题:复现成功率的判定,严重依赖原始研究的统计功效(statistical power)。…
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