【锚点】这一讲钉一个判断:【跨组差异只有在【测量不变性】达到【标量不变性】时,才配被称为构念差异;否则你可能在比较不同尺子的读数。】 【显式】拿 Likert 5 点题项“我很有能力”举例:A组均值3.6,B组均值3.2,差0.4。表面结论是A更自信。但若A组更爱选高端,B组更保守,差异可能来自【反应风格】,不是【自信水平】。 【隐式】按 Bollen…
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